The ones i would suggest using:
Duel Block Repeater - For standard signals
Fastest Two Way Repeater - For sending 2 way signals down 1 line
Combined 0-15 Signal Strength Repeater - For repeating signal strengths
No Delay Instant Repeater - For sending signals long distance
I don't have listed who invented these because most are standard repeaters that have been created by different people. It's hard to say who was the first to "invent" each one.
Speed is measured in meters per second, where 1 block = 1 meter.
Pulse duration means the repeater can repeat the duration that the input is turned on for.
Signal strength is the strength of the input from 0-15.
1 tick input, if the repeater can handle a 1 tick pulse.